In other words, Athenian statesmen averted a social revolution by successfully carrying through an economic and political revolution and, discovering this solution of the common problem in so far as it affected themselves, they incidentally opened up a new avenue of advance for the whole of the Hellenic Society. She specialized her agricultural production for export, started manufactures also for export, and then developed her political institutions so as to give a fair share of political power to the new classes which had been called into being by these economic innovations. In order to meet this situation Spartan statesmen were compelled to militarize Spartan life from top to bottom, which they did by re-invigorating and adapting certain primitive social institutions, common to a number of Greek communities, at a moment when, at Sparta as elsewhere, these institutions were on the point of disappearance.Īthens reacted to the population problem in a different way again. The consequence was that Sparta only obtained her additional lands at the cost of obstinate and repeated wars with neighbouring peoples of her own calibre. Study of History Arnold Joseph Toynbee Published by Oxford University Press, 1954 ISBN 10: 0192152181 ISBN 13: 9780192152183 Seller: Anybook Ltd., Lincoln, United Kingdom Contact seller Seller Rating: Used - Hardcover Condition: Poor £ 5.97 Convert currency £ 3. “Sparta, for instance, satisfied the land-hunger of her citizens by attacking and conquering her nearest Greek neighbors.
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